比较级、最高级变化一览表
规则变化
1.单音节以及少数双音节的词尾加上“er”“est”构成比较级、最高级:
bright(明亮的)—brighter—brightest
broad(广阔的)—broader—broadest
cheap(便宜的)—cheaper—cheapest
clean(干净的)—cleaner—cleanest
clever(聪明的)—cleverer—cleverest
cold(寒冷的)—colder—coldest
cool(凉的)—cooler—coolest
dark(黑暗的)—darker—darkest
dear(贵的)—dearer—dearest
deep(深的)—deeper—deepest
fast(迅速的)—faster—fastest
few(少的)—fewer—fewest
great(伟大的)—greater—greatest
hard(困难的,硬的)—harder—hardest
high(高的)—higher—highest
kind(善良的)—kinder—kindest
light(轻的)—lighter—lightest
long(长的)—longer—longest
loud(响亮的)—louder—loudest
low(低的)—lower—lowest
near(近的)—nearer—nearest
new(新的)—newer—newest
poor(穷的)—poorer—poorest
quick(快的)—quicker—quickest
quiet(安静的)—quieter—quietest
rich(富裕的)—richer—richest
short(短的)—shorter—shortest
slow(慢的)—slower—slowest
small(小的)—smaller—smallest
smart(聪明的)—smarter—smartest
soft(柔软的)—softer—softest
strong(强壮的)—stronger—strongest
sweet(甜的)—sweeter—sweetest
tall(高的)-taller-tallest
thick(厚的)—thicker—thickest
warm(温暖的)—warmer—warmest
weak(弱的)—weaker—weakest
young(年轻的)—younger—youngest
2以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词(即重读闭音节词),双写结尾的辅音字母er,-est
big(大的)—bigger—biggest
fat(胖的)—fatter—fattest
hot(热的)—hotter—hottest
red(红的)—redder—reddest
sad(伤心的)—sadder—saddest
thin(瘦的)—thinner—thinnest
wet(湿的)—wetter—wettest
mad(疯的)—madder—maddest
特别提醒:new,few,slow,clean等词含有字母组合,且发的是长元音,不用双写。
3.以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词,加上“r”“st”构成比较级、最高级:
able(能干的)—abler—ablest
brave(勇敢的)—braver—bravest
close(接近的)—closer—closest
fine(好的,完美的)—finer—finest
large(巨大的)—larger—largest
late(迟的)—later—latest
nice(好的)—nicer—nicest
ripe(成熟的)—riper—ripest
rude(粗鲁的)—ruder—rudest
safe(安全的)—safer—safest
strange(奇怪的)—stranger—strangest
wide(宽广的)—wider—widest
wise(睿智的,聪明的)—wiser—wisest
white(白的)—whiter—whitest
4.“以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i,再加-er,-est
busy(忙碌的)—busier—busiest
dirty(脏的)—dirtier—dirtiest
dry(干燥的)—drier—driest
early(早的)—earlier—earliest
easy(容易的)—easier—easiest
friendly(友好的)—friendlier—friendliest
funny(好玩的)—funnier—funniest
happy(开心的)—happier—happiest
healthy(健康的)—healthier—healthiest
heavy(重的)—heavier—heaviest
hungry(饿的)—hungrier—hungriest
lazy(懒惰的)—lazier—laziest
lucky(幸运的)—luckier—luckiest
naughty(调皮的)—naughtier—naughtiest
noisy(嘈杂的)—noisier—noisiest
pretty(美丽的)—prettier—prettiest
silly(傻的)—sillier—silliest
spicy(辣的)—spicier—spiciest
thirsty(渴的)—thirstier—thirstiest
ugly(丑的)—uglier—ugliest
5.双音节、多音节形容词(即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词),在单词前面加上“more”“most”构成比较级、最高级:
afraid(害怕的)—moreafraid—mostafraid
beautiful(美丽的)—morebeautiful—mostbeautiful
careful(仔细的)—morecareful—mostcareful
cheerful(开心的)—morecheerful—mostcheerful
crowded(拥挤的)—morecrowded—mostcrowded
dangerous(危险的)—moredangerous—mostdangerous
delicious(美味的)—moredelicious—mostdelicious
difficult(困难的)—moredifficult—mostdifficult
exciting(令人兴奋的)—moreexciting—mostexciting
expensive(昂贵的)—moreexpensive—mostexpensive
famous(著名的)—morefamous—mostfamous
frightened(受惊的)—morefrightened—mostfrightened
frightening(令人害怕的)—morefrightening—mostfrightening
hard-working(勤奋的)—morehard-working—mosthard-working
helpful(有帮助的)—morehelpful—mosthelpful
honest(诚实的)—morehonest—mosthonest
important(重要的)—moreimportant—mostimportant
interesting(有趣的)—moreinteresting—mostinteresting
polite(有礼貌的)—morepolite—mostpolite
terrible(可怕的)—moreterrible—mostterrible
tired(累的)—moretired—mosttired
特别提醒:以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,
如:unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest,untidy-untidier-untidiest
6.以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加more,most
Slowly-moreslowly-mostslowlyquickly-morequickly-mostquickly
特别提醒:early-earlier-earliest
7.由ing分词和-ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。
interesting-moreinteresting-mostinteresting
excited-moreexcited-mostexciting
tired-moretired-mosttired
boring-moreboring-mostboring
不规则变化
bad(坏的)—worse—worst
far(远的)—farther—farthest(far—further—furthest)
good(好的)—better—best
ill(病的)—worse—worst
little(少的)—less—least
many(多的)—more—most
much(多的)—more—most
old(年老的)—older—oldest(old—elder—eldest)
well(好的,身体好的)—better—best
特别提醒:
◇further不仅可以指“距离更远”,还可指“程度更深”。记住以下三个词组:furtherstudy(进修)
furthereducation(继续教育)furtherinformation(进一步的信息)
◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行,如:eldersister(姐姐)elderbrother(哥哥)
◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词,修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。
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